Rock Climbing and Raven Corvus Corax Occurrence Depress Breeding Success of Cliff-nesting Peregrines Falco Peregrinus
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چکیده
In recent decades, raptors have become gradually more protected in almost all European countries, but their decline often persists, due to pollution, habitat alteration and fragmentation, or to human direct/indirect disturbance (Tucker & Heath, 1994). Peregrine Falco peregrinus populations suffered a dramatic decline during the 1950s and 1960s in the boreal hemisphere, following the adoption of organochlorine pesticides in agriculture (Ratcliffe, 1993). Subsequent banning of DDT and some cyclodienes (dieldrin, aldrin, heptachlor) enabled recovery later on, but the species is still classified as rare, with 6.200-11.000 pairs in Europe (Tucker & Heath, 1994; Forsman, 1999), and populations are still below the pre-crash levels in many countries (but see e.g. UK, Crick & Ratcliffe, 1995; Spain, Gainzarain et al., 2002). Ardeola 51(2), 2004, 425-430
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